Commercial HVAC Systems & Solutions
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Types of Commercial HVAC Systems
A heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is tasked with maintaining a comfortable climate. This doesn’t just involve temperature control, but also providing safe ventilation and filtration.
Whether you’re keeping customers happy or ensuring the productivity of employees, the type of HVAC system will make a huge difference to your operations. Before choosing a system for your company, it’s best to understand a little on how they work.
How does a HVAC System work?
Whether you’re heating or cooling, a HVAC system moves air. The furnace moves air from the air exchanger to the ducts. When you’d like to warm a space, a condensing unit will heat air while the heat pump can move warm air indoors. When you’d like to cool the area, an evaporator coil and refrigerant chill the air while the heat pump moves warm air outdoors.
While there’s a lot more ductwork and vents to worry about in commercial settings, the fundamental process of moving and manipulating air remains the same. Temperature is controlled through the thermostat, just as air quality is managed through the air exchanger.
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What are types of Commercial HVAC systems?
The main difference between residential and commercial HVAC units is capacity. Commercial systems are further distinguished into three categories:
- Split HVAC System
- CAV and VAV Systems
- VRV or VRF System
Though all HVAC systems are designed with the same base functions in mind, the exact process and components differs.
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Split HVAC Systems
A split HVAC system involves both internal and external units, typically connected by copper tubing. Outside, there is either a heat pump or air-conditioner installed, paired with either a furnace or fan coil inside.
A coolant circulates between these two blocks, gathering the heat and transferring it through condensation. As the most affordable type of commercial HVAC system, they are ideal for smaller applications, such as shops, cafes and offices.
While split systems are designed to heat and cool rooms individually, you can easily combine them to control the climate of larger areas. This does require you to install an exterior unit for every interior one.
If you’re running a multi-split system, you can actually accommodate multiple internal elements with one external unit, meaning less space is occupied and there is less impact on building aesthetic.
Advantages of a split HVAC system:
- Cheaper than the installation of a central system
- As each pair is self-contained, the failure of one unit will not affect other pairs
- Expanding business can develop this HVAC system by simply adding more unit pairs
CAV and VAV Systems
CAV and WAV affect the flow of air in two different ways. Constant Air Volume (CAV) systems maintain a constant air flow and adjusts temperature, whereas Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems vary air volume and maintain constant temperature.
On a hot summer day, a CAV system employs a fan and compressor to drop the temperatures to a specified setting. These components work at full capacity before shutting off when the desired temperature is met. This design makes CAV systems ideal for a single zone.
On the contrary, VAV systems involve variable fan speeds, with a compressor that actually regulates flow of refrigerant. This makes them more useful at heating and cooling multiple zones.
Generally speaking, Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems are more efficient than Constant Air Volume (CAV) equivalents, though they will carry higher purchase and installation costs.
Advantages of CAV/VAV systems:
- Can be applied to both single and multiple zones
- Excellent humidity control
- Suitable long-term solution
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VRV/VRF Systems
Variable Refrigerant Volume (VRV) and Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) actually refer to the same type of HVAC system. Refrigerant is the only cooling/heating element and, as the names suggest, the amount used in the system varies, controlled by the Electronic Expansion Valve (EEV).
There are two types of VRV system. Firstly, those that use heat pumps to either cool or heat a space. Secondly, those that use heat recovery in order to simultaneously cool and heat multiples spaces. Larger commercial settings may see increased efficiency and lower energy costs by investing in a VRV HVAC system.
Advantages of VRV systems:
- Best solution for larger commercial spaces
- Higher energy efficiency
- Zoned heating and cooling capabilities
- Flexible and quick installation
Which HVAC System is best for my Business?
Before you can determine the best type of commercial HVAC system, you’ll need to assess a few factors. If you are trying to heat and cool a smaller space, a simple Split HVAC will probably suffice. Otherwise, a CAV system is just as good at managing single-zone climates.
For long-term development, where your business is likely to expand, the greater versatility of VAV and VRV systems may prove a better investment. If you’re unsure which HVAC unit is best for your commercial space, get in touch with professionals that with the experience to match a heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system to your specific business needs.